What You Need to Know About Mastitis
Mastitis is one of the most feared complications during breastfeeding. It causes pain, redness, and general discomfort, and many mothers believe that if it occurs, they should stop breastfeeding.
The good news is that not only can you continue breastfeeding, but in many cases, continuing to feed your baby is part of the treatment.
As a neonatal nurse and IBCLC-certified lactation consultant, I support many mothers going through this process. With the right approach, mastitis does not have to become an unbeatable obstacle.
What is Mastitis?
Mastitis is a dysbiosis or bacterial imbalance in the mammary gland, usually accompanied by inflammation, pain, fever, stabbing sensations, or redness in the breast. It can occur at any stage of breastfeeding, though it is more common during the first few weeks or during changes in feeding patterns (for example, when the baby starts sleeping longer stretches or skips a feed).
There are two main types:
- Subacute mastitis: Characterised by stabbing pains in the breast and discomfort. Sometimes accompanied by milk blisters or cracked nipples.
- Acute mastitis: Often also includes fever, redness, and warmth in the breast.
In both cases, symptoms can progress quickly if not addressed promptly.
What Are the Symptoms?
The most common symptoms of mastitis include:
- Pain in a specific area of the breast
- Red, warm, and inflamed area
- A lump or hardened area
- Fever and general discomfort
- Chills, fatigue, or flu-like symptoms
Sometimes the signs are milder at first, such as persistent discomfort or localized warmth. Listening to your body and acting quickly can make a big difference.
Why Does It Happen?
The most frequent causes of mastitis include:
- Blocked duct: due to a skipped or delayed feed, poor positioning, or external pressure (e.g., tight bras)
- Poor latch: leading to incomplete emptying of the breast and milk retention
- Cracks or nipple injuries: allowing bacteria to enter
- Stress, fatigue, or a weakened immune system
- Physical or emotional pressure: for example, trying to suppress or space out feeds without preparation
Usually, it’s a combination of factors. That’s why, in addition to medical treatment (if necessary), it’s important to address the root cause with an holistic approach.
What to Do If You Have Mastitis Symptoms
Acting quickly at the first signs of mastitis is key to preventing a more severe condition. Here’s what you can do:
- Keep breastfeeding
Continuing to feed is safe and beneficial. Frequent emptying of the breast helps reduce inflammation and relieve internal pressure.
Start with the affected breast (if you can tolerate it) to ensure more effective emptying. Position your baby so that their chin points toward the hardest or most affected area to help drain the breast better.
2. Apply heat before feeds and cold afterwards
- Local heat (warm shower or hot compress) before feeding can help stimulate milk flow.
- Local cold (cold pack or wrapped ice cloth) after feeding relieves inflammation and pain.
3. Massage gently
Perform gentle circular massages from the affected area toward the nipple before or during feeding. It should never be painful. If the area is very sensitive, avoid massaging to prevent worsening symptoms.
4. Rest and stay hydrated
Your body needs energy to recover. Prioritise rest whenever possible and drink plenty of water.
5. Check latch and technique
A poor latch or positioning can prevent proper emptying. Professional support can help improve this.
What If There’s a Fever or No Improvement?
If symptoms persist or worsen after 24-48 hours, it is essential to consult your doctor or IBCLC. Antibiotic treatment may be necessary, which is compatible with breastfeeding (weaning is not required).
Anti-inflammatory or pain relief medications safe for breastfeeding may also be recommended. You should not suffer in silence or minimise the pain.
Can Mastitis Be Prevented?
In many cases, yes. Some recommendations:
- Ensure a deep and comfortable latch
- Breastfeed on demand and avoid skipping feeds
- Change positions frequently to empty different areas of the breast
- Wear comfortable, non-restrictive bras
- Rest when possible and listen to your body
- If you notice a blockage or persistent discomfort, act early
Adequate support and attentive listening to your body are your best allies. Mastitis is an uncomfortable and sometimes painful complication, but it can be resolved. You are not alone, and you do not need to stop breastfeeding because of it.
With timely intervention, professional support, and proper care, you can overcome it without compromising your or your baby’s well-being.
If you are experiencing mastitis or think you might have it, I am here to help you identify the cause, relieve symptoms, and regain confidence in your breastfeeding journey.
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